Opencast mine rehabilitation with biomix

Three modes of intervention were found in coal company procurement: preferential procurement rules, segmentation of goods and services by suitability for transformation, and support programmes for small suppliers. Progress stalled where supplier development was handled by staff carrying other duties, since work not tied to production loses time and has no target. The remedy proposed is procurement targets linked down through commercial and production management.

Testing of 28 coal and coal-shale samples showed the coals to be more liable to spontaneous combustion than the shales, though reactive coal-shales still self-heat and pyrite in them speeds the process. Higher carbon, moisture, hydrogen, volatile matter and nitrogen with lower ash all raised proneness to self-heating, so proximate and ultimate analysis can serve as a screening tool.