BCI Chemical Research & Analysis – Eutectic Freeze Crystallisation
Desktop market and technology review of brine from coal related waste, covering global and South African demand, plant energy use and laboratory crystalliser results, for water treatment planners.
Eutectic freeze crystallisation was compared with evaporative crystallisation as a route for treating hypersaline mine brine. Optimised commercial evaporative crystallisers use 40 to 50 kWh per cubic metre of feed. Laboratory work measured a eutectic temperature of -21.1 degrees Celsius for pure sodium chloride solution, and found that a large difference between coolant and solution caused scaling on the heat exchanger wall.
R1500,00
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Recharge in Rehabilitated Opencast Collieries
2019
Groundwater levels and pumping records from five rehabilitated opencast pits at South African collieries, for hydrogeologists and closure planners estimating post-mining water balances.
What this report foundRecharge factors of 23.5 per cent and 12.9 per cent were calculated at the two rehabilitated pits with complete data.
R1500,00
Recharge factors of 23.5 per cent and 12.9 per cent were calculated at the two rehabilitated pits with complete data. The higher value reflected surface drainage towards the pit centre and eroded topsoil; the lower one, a deep pit floor with well compacted spoil and intact cover. The rates are site specific and no generic formula could be derived.
The Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from South African Surface and Abandoned Coal Mines
2012
Direct sampling across burning, burnt out and rehabilitated dumps at surface mines covering just over half of national surface production, scaled to a national emissions estimate.
What this report foundGas sampling on coal mine dumps found rehabilitation very effective at cutting emissions.
R1500,00
Gas sampling on coal mine dumps found rehabilitation very effective at cutting emissions. Even incomplete rehabilitation held carbon dioxide below about 1 kg per square metre a year, against over 100 on unrehabilitated ground and as much as 7 000 where combustion was active, though burning areas were small. Sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and methane were low.