Improved Utilization of Underground Coal Reserves
Working reference on high extraction methods, from stooping and rib pillar extraction to auger, punch, longwall and backfilling, drawn from South African colliery experience for mine planners.
About 3.19 billion tons of coal now sits underground in pillars, growing by roughly 110 million tons a year under current bord and pillar practice. Pillars with a safety factor of about 1.8 or higher can be extracted successfully, and 1.5 is permissible in thin seams where the pillar width to height ratio exceeds 10.
R1500,00
Description
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Update of Coal Pillar Data Base, Strength Formula and Probability of Failure for South African Coal Mining
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Reviews how the failed and intact pillar record, tributary area loading and the safety factor concept have developed since 1960, for rock engineers and regulators.
What this report foundFailures continued after the safety factor approach was adopted, in pillars created both before and after it, so the record of failed workings has kept growing...
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Failures continued after the safety factor approach was adopted, in pillars created both before and after it, so the record of failed workings has kept growing since the original 27 cases. The database was updated and re-analysed to revise the strength formula and to set out the probability of failure associated with pillar designs.
Collation of Historic Thermal Imagery
2008
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What this report foundExisting thermal imagery of the Witbank coalfield was traced to its holders and assessed for format, quality, resolution and coverage, then brought into one...
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