Towards the Failure Probability of Coal Pillars: a Review of Intact and Failed Cases in South Africa
R1500,00
Description
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What this report foundCoal can feed products well beyond combustion. The study sets out routes to rare earth elements held in particular seams, building materials made with carbon...
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Coal can feed products well beyond combustion. The study sets out routes to rare earth elements held in particular seams, building materials made with carbon fibre and carbon char, coal foam and graphene composites, carbon black and activated carbon, including a coal derived activated carbon reported to hold four times the gas of compressed natural gas at lower pressure.
Demonstrate the efficiency of UAV-GPR for assessment of rehabilitation sites and detection of subsurface cavities
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Field trials at two South African collieries comparing drone mounted ground penetrating radar against ground based surveys, for measuring rehabilitation soil thickness and locating shallow voids. For rehabilitation teams.
What this report foundGround based radar mapped rehabilitation soil profiles well enough to replace much of the auger sampling normally needed, and a 100 MHz system picked out...
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Ground based radar mapped rehabilitation soil profiles well enough to replace much of the auger sampling normally needed, and a 100 MHz system picked out anomalies at about 5 to 6 m depth that were likely old mining voids and related subsidence. Penetration below roughly 6 m needs lower frequencies, which cost resolution and require larger antennas.
Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Alleviation of Soil Compaction on Mined Land
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A review of South African opencast coal experience, written for environmental officers and mine management who must correct legacy compaction and plan operations that avoid creating more.
What this report foundCompaction on rehabilitated opencast land restricts effective rooting depth so severely that only a small proportion of arable and grazing areas reach their...
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Compaction on rehabilitated opencast land restricts effective rooting depth so severely that only a small proportion of arable and grazing areas reach their stated capability. The review sets out the causes and symptoms, argues that symptoms are usually treated without addressing the cause, and recommends site specific, resource based management, mechanisation choices weighed against compaction, and land capability standards aligned with international codes.