Towards the Failure Probability of Coal Pillars: a Review of Intact and Failed Cases in South Africa

Tonnage estimates for the remaining low phosphorus resource could not be produced, because the phosphorus analyses supplied by mining companies did not state what had been measured. Distribution trends were still mapped. Coal at or below 0.010 per cent phosphorus is widespread in the Witbank Coalfield, restricted to the far northwestern Highveld, and follows a northwest to southeast band in eastern Ermelo.

Grazing trials on tall fescue pasture irrigated with gypsiferous mine water on rehabilitated mined land, run over several seasons. The work covers steer stocking rates, dry matter intake by cattle, and the factors that control pasture quality and intake, among them nitrogen fertilisation, stage of growth, sward structure and grazing intensity. Findings are reported study by study.

Ion exchange was assessed as a treatment route for brine arising from mine water cleaning, from a market rather than a plant performance standpoint. World demand for ion exchange resins was expected to pass 535 million dollars by 2015, driven by urbanisation, pollution and shortages of clean water in developing regions.