Coal – Related Regenerative Innovation for Concrete and Segmental Block Pavements

Coal – Related Regenerative Innovation for Concrete and Segmental Block Pavements

This research project investigated the technical feasibility of incorporating coal waste fines and bottom ash into concrete and segmental paving blocks as partial replacements for conventional fine aggregates. Laboratory results showed that optimised replacement levels can maintain or improve strength and durability while supporting circular-economy objectives through reduced aggregate consumption, waste disposal and production costs.