Economic Coal Resources of the Highveld, Ermelo, South Rand and Sasolburg-vereeniging Coalfields
Comparative ranking of coalfields inside and outside South Africa on exploration level, resource size and infrastructure, for companies deciding where to explore next.
by Grant van Heerden | August 2004
A rating and ranking system was applied to South African coalfields and, separately, to the coal bearing countries elsewhere in the Southern African Development Community. The Waterberg ranked highest in South Africa and is the coalfield most worth detailed investigation as Witbank output declines. Botswana ranked highest among the other member states on contained resources and exploitation potential.
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Improved Utilization of Underground Coal Reserves
2016
Working reference on high extraction methods, from stooping and rib pillar extraction to auger, punch, longwall and backfilling, drawn from South African colliery experience for mine planners.
What this report foundAbout 3.19 billion tons of coal now sits underground in pillars, growing by roughly 110 million tons a year under current bord and pillar practice.
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About 3.19 billion tons of coal now sits underground in pillars, growing by roughly 110 million tons a year under current bord and pillar practice. Pillars with a safety factor of about 1.8 or higher can be extracted successfully, and 1.5 is permissible in thin seams where the pillar width to height ratio exceeds 10.
Development of Design Procedures for Long Slender Pillars
2005
Design guidance for rib pillars, built from back analysed in situ coal tests and two dimensional modelling rather than empirical data, for rock engineers laying out high extraction panels.
What this report foundNumerical modelling produced upper and lower bound strength formulae for rib pillars, the lower bound covering weak roof and floor contacts.
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Numerical modelling produced upper and lower bound strength formulae for rib pillars, the lower bound covering weak roof and floor contacts. The formulae apply between width to height ratios of 0.5 and 2.5, with linear interpolation below that, and give conservative designs above 3. Adjustments were suggested where regular joint sets occur.
DyVar Pilot Test Report
2019
Batch pilot trial of a salt concentration unit on saline coal mine effluent at the eMalahleni reclamation plant, for mines weighing brine treatment and salt recovery.
What this report foundA pilot brine concentrator treated Stage 3 reject effluent from a mine water reclamation plant, raising total dissolved solids from 24 g/L to 154 g/L at 88 per...
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A pilot brine concentrator treated Stage 3 reject effluent from a mine water reclamation plant, raising total dissolved solids from 24 g/L to 154 g/L at 88 per cent water recovery. The condensate met the national potable water specification. A separate run concentrated brine from 76 g/L to 145 g/L, solid salts were precipitated, and no scaling or fouling was seen.
Evaluation of Ground Geophysical Techniques on the Waterberg Coal Fields
2008
Interim account of trial ground surveys along a profile in the Waterberg coalfield, for exploration geologists weighing survey cost against the structural detail mine planning needs.
What this report foundElectrical and electromagnetic ground surveys were run over a Waterberg profile with borehole logs and three dimensional seismic data as control, to test...
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Electrical and electromagnetic ground surveys were run over a Waterberg profile with borehole logs and three dimensional seismic data as control, to test whether cheaper methods can match seismic reflection for locating coal and faults. Resistivity tomography at two electrode spacings, frequency and time domain electromagnetics, controlled source audio magnetotellurics and magnetics were all acquired. Results are preliminary.