Benefits of an Apiary at a Rehabilitation Site
Desktop study based on literature, a stakeholder workshop and specialist consultation, assessing whether keeping bees on rehabilitating mine land pays, for closure teams weighing aftercare options.
The financial benefit of bees to a rehabilitating site could not be modelled with confidence, and a field trial to show direct benefit is hard to configure because so many variables affect rehabilitation. Apiaries suit sites where bee friendly plants are established, the return coming through honey yield rather than measured gains in biodiversity or ground cover, at low establishment cost.
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Review of Current and Expected Underground Coal Mining Methods and an Evaluation of the Best Practices Associated with These
2010
Review of underground coal production systems in South Africa set against practice in Australia, China and the United States, with guidance on equipment choice and section planning.
What this report foundSouth African underground sections average about 60 000 t a month, against 130 000 to 160 000 t for single pass bolter miner units on continuous haulage, while...
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South African underground sections average about 60 000 t a month, against 130 000 to 160 000 t for single pass bolter miner units on continuous haulage, while the better sections target 1.4 to 1.6 Mt a year. Australian longwalls deliver 5 to 7 Mt a year from one face, compared with 3 to 5 Mt at the two local wall operations.
The Optimum Methodology for Conducting High Resolution, Shallow Reflection Seismic Surveys on South African Collieries
2001
Field procedure standards for high resolution seismic work over seams 30 to 100 m deep, trialled at two Mpumalanga collieries, with a cost comparison against exploration drilling.
What this report foundShallow reflection seismic surveys failed on South African collieries mainly because too little preliminary data, from vertical seismic profiles and noise...
R1500,00
Shallow reflection seismic surveys failed on South African collieries mainly because too little preliminary data, from vertical seismic profiles and noise spreads, was gathered before the surveys were designed. Following the field procedures set out here produces usable data for mine planning. For target depths under about 150 m, exploration drilling stays cheaper, because shot holes must be drilled below the weathered layer.