Frictional Ignitions Potentials Map for South African Coal Mines

Sets out the steps to establish a small scale coal mine in South Africa, from mineral rights and regulatory approvals through finance, mining and processing choices, marketing, and environmental management and closure. The information a new entrant needs sits in many separate places, so the guideline draws it together from practitioners rather than from any single published source.

The financial benefit of bees to a rehabilitating site could not be modelled with confidence, and a field trial to show direct benefit is hard to configure because so many variables affect rehabilitation. Apiaries suit sites where bee friendly plants are established, the return coming through honey yield rather than measured gains in biodiversity or ground cover, at low establishment cost.