Improved Utilization of Underground Coal Reserves
Working reference on high extraction methods, from stooping and rib pillar extraction to auger, punch, longwall and backfilling, drawn from South African colliery experience for mine planners.
About 3.19 billion tons of coal now sits underground in pillars, growing by roughly 110 million tons a year under current bord and pillar practice. Pillars with a safety factor of about 1.8 or higher can be extracted successfully, and 1.5 is permissible in thin seams where the pillar width to height ratio exceeds 10.
R1500,00
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Fine Coal Dense-medium Cyclone Tests Conducted at Leeuwpan Coal Mine
2007
Pilot dense medium cyclone testing on fine coal inside a working spiral plant at a Mpumalanga opencast mine, ending in a full scale plant design.
What this report foundDense medium cyclones on the fine coal fraction lifted product yield well above the spiral circuit they were compared against and gave closer control of...
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Dense medium cyclones on the fine coal fraction lifted product yield well above the spiral circuit they were compared against and gave closer control of product quality. Cut point density control proved the hardest part of running the plant, medium properties being critical. Magnetic separator capacity had to match the duty, and a basement was needed to contain and recover medium spillage.
Assessing the Ecosystem Processes of Ecological Infrastructure on Post-coal Mined Land
2017
Physical, chemical and biological sampling at two points on each of four Mpumalanga watercourses, with wetland functionality assessment and mitigation recommendations, for mine environmental and water managers.
What this report foundWatercourses on post mined land near Kriel showed deterioration in manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium, total dissolved salts and sulphate, while other...
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Watercourses on post mined land near Kriel showed deterioration in manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium, total dissolved salts and sulphate, while other parameters stayed within drinking water standards. Aquatic invertebrate communities had suffered significant losses and two sites were classified as eutrophic. The water is not fit for human consumption or recreation, and a minimum 32 m buffer from wetland boundaries is recommended after earthworks.