Coaltech Research Association

Development of Techniques to Predict and Manage the Impact of Surface Subsidence

by I. Canbulat, J.N. van der Merwe, M. van Zyl, A. Wilkinson, A. Daehnke & J. Ryder | December 2002

R1500,00

Description

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Geophysical logging of boreholes above three Witbank seams identified clay rich matrices, stiffness changes, bedding planes and the principal stress direction, and picked up fractures in 30 to 75 per cent of cases. Core logging found most of the same features faster, so routine use was not recommended unless stiffness and stress direction matter.

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What this report foundRehabilitated opencast soils carried pastures and cash crops, but compaction and cover soil depth set the ceiling on what they could produce.

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Rehabilitated opencast soils carried pastures and cash crops, but compaction and cover soil depth set the ceiling on what they could produce. Only land with deep cover soils suited maize and sunflower, and deep ripping with regular tillage was needed. Bulk density standards were not met at the trial sites, which the review judged enough to have changed the results.

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Guidelines drawn from site testing at opencast coal operations, including trials of gypsum and fly ash sprays applied with a hydro seeder. For pit supervisors and mine safety staff.

What this report foundPractical guidance for opencast operations covers early detection with low cost thermal cameras, prevention, and the treatment methods in current use: water...

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